争啥啊。根本就是一个卖药的
疫苗的定义都被改了。
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Re: 疫苗的定义都被改了。
嗯，现在有了所谓的 mRNA 疫苗 了，与时俱进。
A vaccine is a biological preparation designed to stimulate the body’s immune system to recognize, fight, and develop immunity against a specific, harmful disease-causing agent (pathogen). They are used to prevent, or in some cases, lessen the impact of diseases, often without causing the disease itself.
Vaccines work by introducing an antigen—a harmless part of a pathogen—into the body. This agent can take several forms:
- Weakened (Attenuated) Microorganisms: Live, weakened versions of viruses or bacteria (e.g., Measles, Mumps, Rubella [MMR], Chickenpox).
- Inactivated (Killed) Microorganisms: Organisms killed via chemicals or heat (e.g., Polio, Rabies, Hepatitis A).
- Subunit/Recombinant/Conjugate: Specific, purified pieces of the pathogen, such as proteins or sugars (e.g., HPV, Hepatitis B ).
- Toxoids: Inactivated toxins produced by bacteria rather than the bacteria themselves (e.g., Tetanus, Diphtheria).
- mRNA (Messenger RNA): Instructions that tell cells how to produce a harmless protein that mimics a virus, triggering an immune response (e.g., certain COVID-19 vaccines).
除了新添加的 mRNA 类别，其它几种疫苗在使用时一般都添加佐剂 (adjuvant)。A vaccine adjuvant is an ingredient added to vaccines to boost, accelerate, or prolong the body's immune response to an antigen, making the vaccine more effective. Adjuvants allow for lower antigen doses and fewer injections. Common types include aluminum salts, oil-in-water emulsions, and, in some cases, natural components of pathogens.
佐剂可以大大增加免疫原的效果。而所谓的 mRNA 疫苗，无法使用佐剂。另外，mRNA 疫苗依靠人本身的细胞来合成免疫原，这就导致同样剂量的 mRNA 疫苗、在不同人体内产生的免疫原的量是不同的 - 这个我们以前也讨论过。
最后，我昨天还引用过一篇文章，注射到肌肉的 新冠病毒 mRNA 疫苗，居然能跑到大脑、在大脑动脉中合成病毒刺突蛋白 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/a ... 682500195X)。其后果不可控、不可预料。